The Connotation and Clinical Significance of “Spleen Governs Time” based on the Zangxiang （藏象） Time-space View / 中医杂志

There are different views on the theory of “spleen governs time”， which is still a hot spot in the study of Zangxiang （藏象） theory. Based on Zangxiang time-space view， it is found that the thinking mode of the spleen governing time theory follows space-time logic. It is believed that the different time views of the spleen governing time are all formed based on the space view that the spleen belongs to earth and resides in the center， and the zang time theory is developed with the unified time and space logic. Guided by Zangxiang time-space view， the origin of the spleen belonging to earth and residing in the center is traced， and the theoretical connotation and its clinical application of spleen governing time under different time-space logic are explored with reference to the four season and five zang theory， five season and five zang theory， six season and six zang theory， and eight season and eight zang theory.

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of hip fractures in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of geriatric hip fractures.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 2 054 elderly patients with hip fracture aged 60 years and over who were admitted to Beijing Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020.The epidemiological characteristics of geriatric hip fractures were analyzed from the aspects of age, gender, fracture type, length of stay, surgical method and surgical complications.Results:The total number of hip fractures patients admitted from 2011 to 2020 showed a general upward trend in quantity.Among them, there were 1 177 femoral neck fractures(57.3%, 1 177/2 054), and 877 intertrochanteric femoral fractures(42.7%, 877/2 054)with statistical differences in the distribution of fracture types between patients at different ages( χ2=61.727, P<0.001). A total of 1 839 patients chose surgical treatment, accounting for 89.5% of the total number of patients.Artificial femoral head arthroplasty was the most common operation mode for patients with femoral neck fractures(783 cases, 75.4%).534 patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures(66.8%)were treated with closed reduction and femoral intramedullary nailing.There was a statistically significant difference in operation modes among different fracture types( χ2=1 480.800, P<0.001). The length of hospital stay in patients with femoral neck fracture was(14.2±8.3)days, which was significantly longer than in patients with femoral neck fracture(13.2±10.9)days( t=2.417, P=0.016). There was no significant difference in the time from admission to operation between the two groups[(5.7±3.5)days vs.(5.4±3.3)days]( t=1.954, P=0.051). Among all the comorbidities of hip fracture patients, the top 5 diseases were cardiovascular system diseases(2 001 cases, 97.4%), nervous system diseases(1 105 cases, 53.8%), endocrine system diseases(814 cases, 39.6%), skeletal and muscular system diseases(623 cases, 30.3%), digestive system diseases(472 cases, 23.0%).1 485 patients(72.3%)had 3 or more comorbidities. Conclusions:Hip fractures in the elderly have some epidemiological distribution characteristics in terms of age, gender, length of hospitalization, injury mechanism and comorbidities, which is conducive to further improve the prevention and treatment strategies for hip fractures and promote the rational allocation of medical resources.

The flow density of macular and optic disc and area of foveal avascular zone in severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the flow density (FD) of macular and optic disc and area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (S-NPDR).Methods:A prospective cross-sectional study. From October 2019 to April 2020, 31 eyes of 25 S-NPDR patients (S-NPDR group) who were diagnosed in the ophthalmological examination of Jiangsu Province Hospital and 30 eyes of 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (control group) were included in this study. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to scan the macular area of 6 mm×6 mm and optic disc of 4.5 mm×4.5 mm. The software automatically divides it into three concentric circles centered on the macular fovea, which were foveal area with a diameter of 1 mm, parafoveal area of 1 to 3 mm, and foveal peripheral area of 3 to 6 mm. The area around the optic disc was divided into 8 areas: nasal upper, nasal lower, inferior nasal, inferior temporal, temporal lower, temporal upper, superior temporal and superior nasal. The FD of the optic disc, the superficial capillary layer (SCP) and deep capillary layer (DCP) of the retina and FAZ area were measured. The FD and FAZ area were compared between the two groups by independent sample t test. The correlation between FAZ area and FD was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results:In parafoveal and perifoveal area, compared with the control group, the FD of SCP ( t=6.470, 5.220; P<0.001) and DCP ( t=7.270, 7.370; P<0.001) decreased in S-NPDR group. In foveal area, there was statistically significant difference in the FD of DCP between the two groups ( t=2.250, P=0.030), while the difference in FD of SCP between the two groups was not statistically significant ( t=0.000, P=0.900). The FAZ area in S-NPDR group was larger than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.390, P=0.030). The FD in the S-NPDR group was lower than that in the control group except the superior nasal, the difference was statistically significant ( t=7.520, 5.000, 4.870, 3.120, 2.360, 2.120, 5.410, 5.560, 2.640; P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the FAZ area of S-NPDR was negatively correlated with FD of SCP ( r=-0.513, P=0.004), and had no correlation with FD of DCP ( r=0.034, P=0.859). Conclusion:The overall FD in macular area and optic disc of patients with S-NPDR decreased and the FAZ area enlarged.

The prevalence and related direct medical costs of chronic complications among patients with type 2 diabetes in China / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To estimate the prevalence and related direct medical costs of chronic complications,especially cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China.Method Data were extracted from the hospital information system(HIS) database of 4 top level Chinese hospitals from January 1st,2012 to May 31st,2017.Patients with T2DM were identified through international classification of diseases,tenth version (ICD-10) diagnosis supplemented with Chinese descriptions.The prevalences of complications including cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,nephropathy,diabetic foot,lower extremity vascular diseases,diabetic retinopathy,and diabetic neuropathy were estimated among all identified patients with T2DM.The costs per hospitalization and per outpatient visit under the primary diagnoses of each chronic complication were further estimated.Results There were 61 139 patients with T2DM,with mean age of(62.1 ± 13.6) years,50.5％ being males.66.8％ of them had chronic complications,and patient suffered from more than 2 complications on average.The most common complication was nephropathy (30.5％),followed by diabetic neuropathy (26.8％),diabetic retinopathy (26.3％),cardiovascular disease (24.9％),and cerebrovascular disease (19.2％).The cost per hospitalization was highest for cardiovascular disease(21 176 yuan),followed by diabetic foot disease(18 999 yuan) and cerebrovascular disease (16 583 yuan).The cost per outpatients visit varied from 826 to 976 yuan across different complications except for lower extremity vascular diseases (522 yuan).Conclusions The majority of patients with T2DM suffered from chronic complications.The occurrence and development of chronic complications,especially cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,and nephropathy,led to increased direct medical costs among patients with T2DM.Effective interventions,such as regular physical examinations and proper glycemic control,should be implemented to prevent complications among the diabetic patients.

He Jia Treatment H-hypertension's Clinical Experience by Applying the Method of Buqi Zhuyu / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective]The article summarizes the H-hypertension's clinical experience by professor He Jia. [Methods]From following professor He Jia clinical studies, summarize professor He Jia from different ages, the treatment by applying the method of tonifying qi by stasis H-hypertension qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome differentiation thinking and clinical experience, and for proven cases.[Result]The professor He Jia considers the method of Buqi Zhuyu as the basic therapeutic principle, with pathogenesis of qi deficiency and blood stasis in the collaterals. And also to make up for points and syndromes differentiation from youthes and older, in the young and middle-aged people and see blood stasis into collaterals, the treatment of blood stasis by the main,the old people see more Qi deficiency into the network, to make up for the deficiency of Qi.Her clinical medicine is characterized in paying equal attention to the Qi and blood, Buqi Zhuyu, using opportunely insect medicine,Soufeng Tongluo,using the mineral medicine, Ziyin Qianyang along with the disease change, with good effect.[Conclusion]Professor He Jia for H-hypertension treatment of qi deficiency blood stasis unique insights, obtains good effect, often with fellow mutual information.

Relationship between RAD51 Polymorphism and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Cervical Cancer Patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of RAD51 gene polymorphism on cancer prognosis and its relationship with therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS:193 cervical cancer patients were selected and genotyped by TaqmanTM genotyping method. Therapeutic efficacy and survival period were observed in cisplatin chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. RESULTS:The mean survival rate and therapeutic efficacy was significantly correlated with RAD51 genotype. The patients carrying the T gene had better response to drugs,compared to patients with type GG (P<0.05),and the average survival rate significantly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Genetic variation in RAD51 have obvious influence on the prognosis of cervical cancer chemotherapy. Therefore,RAD51 G172T genotypes give effective prognosis information about cervical cancer patients who received cisplatin chemotherapy.

Meta-analysis of safety and efficacy on exercise rehabilitation in coronary heart disease patients post revascularization procedure / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of exercise rehabilitation in coronary heart disease patients post reascularization procedure.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT), Pubmed, Wanfang, CNKI, CBM and VIP database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise rehabilitation for patients with coronary artery disease post percutaneous coronary intervention revascularization or coronary artery bypass grafting. Quality assessment and data collection were conducted by two reviewers independently. The data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 3 474 patients from 16 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis and patients were divided into exercise rehabilitation group (n = 1 425) and control group (n = 2 049). Meta-analysis results showed mortality rate was similar between the two groups (OR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.38-1.69, P > 0.05) and the incidence of major cardiovascular events rate (OR = 0.40, 95%CI 0.24-0.65, P < 0.01) and heart rate [mean difference (MD) = -2.82, 95%CI -4.72--0.92, P < 0.01] were significantly lower while LVEF (MD = 2.24, 95%CI 0.18-4.31, P < 0.05), the exercise metabolic equivalent (MD = 0.94, 95%CI 0.43-1.44, P < 0.01) , anaerobic threshold (MD = 1.83, 95%CI 0.67-3.00, P < 0.01) , and maximum oxygen consumption (MD = 3.22, 95%CI 2.42-4.03, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in exercise rehabilitation group than in control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exercise rehabilitation does not increase the risk of mortality in patients of coronary heart disease after revascularization and can effectively reduce major cardiovascular events.</p>

Correlation between the 95th nucleotide polymorphism of aldose reductase (AR) gene intron 8 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy / 中国糖尿病杂志

The study on aldose reductase gene intron 8 A95 C polymorphismin 209 type 2 dia-betic patients and 84 healthy controls showed that the frequency of genotype AAis 7 %in DN,higherthan that in non-nephropathy (1 %) and control (1 %) ,suggsting that intron 8 genotype AA may be arisk factor for diabetic nephropathy .

Time-dependent change in expression of type-Ⅰ collagen protein gene during the development of restenosis after arterial injury / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To observe the alteration of type-　 Ⅰ collagen protein gene expression after arterial injury and investigate its effect on the development of restenosis. Methods: Firstly, thee xperimental carotid arterial injury rabbit model was constructed. Then, Norther n blot, in situ hybridization and histomorphometric analysis were used to de tect the expression of procollagen mRNA and the accumulation of collagen protein 1,2,4 weeks after injury. Results: Type-　Ⅰ collag en mRNA increased 1 week after injury, peaked 2 weeks later and decreased 4 week s later. The deposition of the collagen protein account for a high percentage o f space in neointima on histomorphometric analysis. Conclusion: Collagen protein may play an important role in the development of neointima and restenosis.

Effect of the overexpression of exogenous P16~(ink4a) gene on the formation of restenosis after arterial injury / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: The present study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of the transfer of replication-defective retroviral recombinant plasmid encoding a wild-type P16 ink4a gene on the formation of restenosis after rabbit carotid arterial injury in vivo.METHODS:A replication-defective retroviral recombinant plasmid encoding wild-type gene P16 ink4a was constructed and the packaged high titer virus stock was obtained. It was transferred into the rabbit carotid arterial wall immediately after injury. The P16 ink4a mRNA expression in the arteries was examined by Northern blot and in situ hybridization. The effect of overexpression of the P16 ink4a gene on arterial intima hyperplasia was determined by pathophysiological method. RESULTS: The exogenous P16 ink4a could be effectively transferred into injured arterial wall by retroviral recombinant plasmid and the gene products could inhibit smooth muscle cells proliferation (11.80?3.54 vs 25.20?5.12,P

Time-dependent change in expression of type Ⅰ collagen protein gene during the development of restenosis after arterial injury / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To observe the alteration of type Ⅰ collagen protein gene expression after arterial injury and investigate its effect on the development of restenosis. Methods: Firstly, theexperimental carotid arterial injury rabbit model was constructed. Then, Northern blot, in situ hybridization and histomorphometric analysis were used to detect the expression of procollagen mRNA and the accumulation of collagen protein 1,2,4 weeks after injury. Results: Type Ⅰ collagen mRNA increased 1 week after injury, peaked 2 weeks later and decreased 4 weeks later. The deposition of the collagen protein account for a high percentage of space in neointima on histomorphometric analysis. Conclusion: Collagen protein may play an important role in the development of neointima and restenosis. [

Effects of FGF-2 on the intercellular communication in the cardiac myocytes / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of FGF 2 on the intercellular communication in the cardiac myocytes. Methods The primary neonatal ventricular myocytes of rats were cultured with FGF 2 (0,1,10,100 and 1000ng/ml) for 1 or 4 days. Then the mean fluorescence recovery rate (MFRR, %/min) of these myocytes labeled with carboxyfluocein diacetate after photo bleaching was examined with laser scanning cytopmetry (ACAS Ultima). Results The MFRR levels of the myocytes cultured with FGF 2 (10 and 100ng/ml) groups for 1 day were significantly decreased compared with the control group, while no statistic changes were found among the other groups (FGF 2, 1 and 1000ng/ml) and the control. After FGF 2 exertion on the myocytes for 4 days, the increased cell number, enlarged cellular body and decreased MFRR level were found in the myocytes cultured with FGF 2 (10 and 100ng/ml) groups. And the decreased cell number, disarranged and shrunk cells and significantly increased MFRR level were gotten in the group (FGF 2 1000ng/ml) compared with the control group. Conclusion These results suggested the FGF 2 may have both short and long term effects on the cell cell communication in the cardiac myocytes mediated by gap junction, and be necessary to the cardiac myocyte coordination during the cell growth, differentiation and perhaps apoptosis.